StridesHub Academy | Day 3 - MVC Design Pattern and Flask Blueprint

April 6, 2024 Sunday Yemi Akinbamido 257 views

In today's session, we delved into the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern and explored its implementation in a Python Flask application using Blueprints. We learned about the importance of separation of concerns and how Flask Blueprints facilitate modularization and organization within our application structure.

Separation of Concerns

Separation of concerns is a fundamental principle in software engineering, advocating for the division of a software system into distinct modules, each responsible for a specific aspect of functionality. This promotes maintainability, scalability, and code reuse.

Flask MVC Blueprint Model

To adhere to the MVC pattern in our Flask application, we've structured our project into the following directories:

- controllers/: Contains controllers responsible for handling requests from the routes.
- models/: Contains models representing the data structure of our application.
- views/: Houses templates or frontend-related files.
- routes.py: Defines routes and maps them to controllers.
- \_\_init\_\_.py: Initializes the Flask application and registers Blueprints.

Implementation

1. Models Creation: We began by creating models to represent our data structure. These models are typically classes or data structures that encapsulate the application's data.

2. Controllers Creation: Next, we created controllers, which contain methods responsible for processing incoming requests and generating appropriate responses. These controllers interact with models to retrieve and manipulate data.

3. Define your routes in routes.py: We defined routes in the `routes.py` file and mapped them to corresponding controllers. This separation ensures that each route is associated with a specific controller, promoting modularity and organization.

from flask import Blueprint

main_blueprint = Blueprint('main', __name__)

# import from controllers
from app.controllers.AuthController import bp_authcontroller
from app.controllers.RoleController import bp_rolecontroller
from app.controllers.UserController import bp_usercontroller

# Define your routes and map them to controllers
# Registering the blueprint
def create_routes(app):
 app.register_blueprint(bp_authcontroller)
 app.register_blueprint(bp_rolecontroller)
 app.register_blueprint(bp_usercontroller)

4. Blueprint Registration in \_\_init\_\_.py: Finally, we registered the controllers Blueprint in the Flask application's initialization file (`\_\_init\_\_.py`). This step ensures that the controllers are accessible and operational within the application.

from flask import Flask
from app.routes import create_routes

app = Flask(__name__)

create_routes(app)

5. Creation of HTML Views: Within the `views` directory, we created HTML templates to serve as the frontend views of our application. These templates are rendered by the controllers and presented to the users.

By adopting the MVC design pattern and utilizing Flask Blueprints, we've achieved a well-structured and modular Flask application. This approach enhances maintainability, scalability, and collaboration among team members, making it easier to develop and manage complex web applications.

In the next session, we will explore more advanced concepts in Flask development and further enhance our application's functionality and usability. Stay tuned for more exciting updates!

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